Nigeria to Decriminalize Attempted Suicide
The Federal Government has set a deadline of December 2025 to decriminalize attempted suicide in Nigeria.
This significant move is aimed at shifting the focus from punishment to a more compassionate and health-centered approach.
The Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Professor Muhammad Pate, announced that a government white paper has been finalized, and
A draft amendment to the National Mental Health Act 2021, now titled the National Mental Health Act Amendment Bill 2025, has been prepared to repeal punitive provisions in Nigeria’s criminal laws.
Currently, attempted suicide is criminalized under Sections 327 and 231 of the Criminal and Penal Codes, with penalties including imprisonment for up to one year.
However, experts argue that this approach has not been effective in deterring people from attempting suicide and instead worsens stigma and discourages individuals from seeking help.
A National Taskforce on Decriminalisation of Attempted Suicide was inaugurated on October 10, 2024, to guide the transition from punishment to a health-centered approach.
The taskforce will work with the legislature to repeal criminalization laws across the country and launch public awareness campaigns about the need for decriminalization.
The decriminalization of attempted suicide is expected to promote a more humane and health-centered response to mental health issues.
According to the World Health Organization, more than 720,000 people die by suicide every year, with 73% of global suicides occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
Nigeria’s suicide rate is 12.9 per 100,000 people, with young people aged 15 to 29 being particularly vulnerable.
This reform is a significant step towards aligning Nigeria with global best practices, where suicide is treated as a public health concern rather than a crime.
By decriminalizing attempted suicide, the Government aims to encourage individuals to seek help without fear of punishment and promote a more supportive environment for those struggling with mental health issues.
